Micro-analysis on 0.5 mm/500 micron spot size areas of calcium vitamin supplement sample to demonstrate data discrepancies on uneven or less-than-ideal analysis surfaces
Standard analysis areas for XRF are somewhere between 30 and 40 mm in diameter. In an ideal world, every XRF sample would be perfectly smooth and flat with a polished or machined surface for a perfect fluorescence event to take place for optimal data output. Unfortunately, finding a sample in ideal condition or even large enough to ensure a homogenous reading across the whole 30 to 40mm measurement surface is very difficult. This is where having beam collimation or spot size selection capabilities, like those found in the Rigaku ZSX Primus II WD-XRF Spectrometer, becomes extremely useful.
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Elemental mapping of white ammonite with SQX using small-spot analysis capability of ZSX Primus II
An ammonoid is an extinct cephalopod that first appeared in the Late Silurian to Early Devonian Periods (approx. 400 million years ago) and became extinct at the end of the Cretaceous Period (65 million years ago) as did the dinosaurs. (Drawing-1)
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In-situ analysis: High temperature · Low temperature · Variable humidity · Reactive gases · Combined XRD/DSC
The ability to measure samples under specific non-ambient conditions is essential in the research and development of many advanced materials. The Ultima IV has a wide range of fully integrated non-ambient configurations, including the world's only commercially available combined XRD/DSC system.
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X-ray microdiffraction of the crystalline structure forming a tooth
X-ray diffraction measurements of enamel and dentin, which are the major tissues of a tooth, indicate that they are mostly made of hydroxyapatite. It is not very well known that external treatments, such as laser irradiation, may alter the structure of these components. X-ray microdiffraction is useful to observe the localized influence of laser irradiation on the enamel.
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Comparison of wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence techniques
The wavelength-dispersive fluorescence technique (Primini red lines below) has superior resolution and sensitivity, when compared to the alternative energy-dispersive fluorescence method ("EDX" blue lines below). For example, figure below displays the resolving power of the wavelength technique in the area of the titanium (Ti-KA) and barium (Ba-LA) overlap with two distinct peaks, distinguishing it from the amorphous scatter seen in the energy peak at the same region.
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