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Applications of XtaLAB mini benchtop X-ray crystallography system

Supermini benchtop WDXRF spectrometer for drug development

New drug discoveries not only help secure the financial health of pharmaceutical companies, they are paramount to the management of disease and the furtherance of human health and wellness. In the synthesis of new compounds for drug efficacy studies, researchers may be impacted by experimental, budgetary or other constraints as to the quantity of suitably pure material that can be produced in the laboratory for subsequent evaluation. These sample size limitations complicate chemical characterization of the synthetic products since very little material can be sacrificed for analysis.

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Non-destructive evaluation of pseudo-polymorphic impurities in a drug tablet

In the tableting process of a pharmaceutical product, the drug sometimes reacts with excipients (inactive substances used as carriers for the drug) such as sugar and starch, or the process induces a dehydration reaction or a polymorphic transition. Scientists involved in the pharmaceutical industry need to determine—as quickly as possible—whether a drug of interest maintains its original crystalline system during the tableting process or if polymorphic impurities are produced.

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Micro-analysis on 0.5 mm/500 micron spot size areas of calcium vitamin supplement sample to demonstrate data discrepancies on uneven or less-than-ideal analysis surfaces

Standard analysis areas for XRF are somewhere between 30 and 40 mm in diameter. In an ideal world, every XRF sample would be perfectly smooth and flat with a polished or machined surface for a perfect fluorescence event to take place for optimal data output. Unfortunately, finding a sample in ideal condition or even large enough to ensure a homogenous reading across the whole 30 to 40mm measurement surface is very difficult. This is where having beam collimation or spot size selection capabilities, like those found in the Rigaku ZSX Primus II WD-XRF Spectrometer, becomes extremely useful.

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In-situ analysis: High temperature · Low temperature · Variable humidity · Reactive gases · Combined XRD/DSC

The ability to measure samples under specific non-ambient conditions is essential in the research and development of many advanced materials. The Ultima IV has a wide range of fully integrated non-ambient configurations, including the world's only commercially available combined XRD/DSC system.

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X-ray microdiffraction of the crystalline structure forming a tooth

X-ray diffraction measurements of enamel and dentin, which are the major tissues of a tooth, indicate that they are mostly made of hydroxyapatite. It is not very well known that external treatments, such as laser irradiation, may alter the structure of these components. X-ray microdiffraction is useful to observe the localized influence of laser irradiation on the enamel.

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Comparison of wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence techniques

The wavelength-dispersive fluorescence technique (Primini red lines below) has superior resolution and sensitivity, when compared to the alternative energy-dispersive fluorescence method ("EDX" blue lines below). For example, figure below displays the resolving power of the wavelength technique in the area of the titanium (Ti-KA) and barium (Ba-LA) overlap with two distinct peaks, distinguishing it from the amorphous scatter seen in the energy peak at the same region.

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X-ray diffraction of an over-the-counter pain medication

Figure 1 shows a diffraction pattern of Painaway, an over-the-counter headache product containing caffeine, aspirin (acetylsalicyclic acid), and acetaminophen. This combination of compounds with caffeine makes the product much more effective.

Using the MiniFlex II benchtop XRD system, the individual components can easily be determined.

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Nanotest Hungary Kft.

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